Bolivia

Salir de Uyuni

October 29th-31st, 2015

 

The first day of the salt flats was incredible. I woke up in my bare-bones hotel room, and wandered to the markets for a breakfast of saltine filled with chicken stew (which I walked around the block another time to get a second one because they were so delicious). I was happy to spend my last morning in Bolivia wandering around the markets, because that was one of my favourite parts of the country.  I went back to the tour-shop to meet the five travellers that I was going to spend the next three days in the high desert with, taking the scenic route to Chile. 

I had a colourful group: a gorgeous couple from Catalonia who were in their 40s, who were a graphic designer and antique watch specialist; a couple from England in their thirties who spent the better part of 10 years living in Cook Islands and were off for a wander before heading back to life in the UK; and a 40 year old man from India whose goal it was to travel to 100 countries in his lifetime (Bolivia was maybe his 55th country). He loved to tell me that I should have more confidence when I told them the geological going-ons in the landscape (noted my well-traveled, photography equipment laden friend). Our guide, Fransisco, was from Bolivia, and was an easy going and kind dude with a questionable taste in music.  He only spoke Spanish, which worked out since we had a two people from Spain. It also forced me to practice my Spanish, which is how this whole South America thing started. It was perfect. 

The first stop was the "Train Graveyard", which sounds more romantic than it is. Carcasses of steam engines litter the desert along side the operable train tracks. It is a bit of fun to wander through the wrecks, and it's also a good introduction to the harsh desert sun and cold winds. 

Train Graveyard

After stopping at a for-the-tourists market, we continued into the desert proper.  The landscape is surreal. Sparkling, white and vast with mirages and floating mountains. We stopped at the salt mining area, where salt is piled into mounds weighing about 1 tonne each, drying in the sun before sent off to a refinery. 

Hanging out on a salt mound

From where the salt is mounded, you can see Tunupa Volcano. Our guide told us some folklore surrounding Tunupa and the desert, in which it was formally known that volcanoes could wander around the world, hold long conversations with each other, and also get down and make baby volcanoes. Tunupa was one of the most beautiful volcanoes in all the land, and all the male volcanoes had courted her, so that they could come together to make a baby volcano.  Eventually Tunupa did become pregnant, but the father of the baby was unknown which enraged all the volcanoes in the land.  The gods were furious, and took the baby away, and also took the ability to roam from all of the volcanoes. Because Tunupa lost her baby, she cried and cried until all the salt from her tears condensed into the vast salt flats around her today.  Volcanos are super dramatic. 

Tanupa Volcano from Isla Incahuasi

Isla Incahuasi

We drove, and dined in buildings made completely out of salt, and drove some more, and eventually came to Isla Incahuasi.  This island is the fossilized remains of coral reef, which is covered in giant cacti, some of which are 1000 years old. It is aw inspiring, with the rough rock and giant cacti against the white salt background and the distant volcanoes. 

Amazed by the Giant Cacti

After doing an hour walk around the island, we gathered back my the truck and headed to the next destination, which were fossilized reef caves that looked like the inside of a malt bar, and haggard graveyards with bones protruding out of eroded tombs. 

In the caves

After discussion amongst the group, we decided to head backwords from the caves back to the salt flats proper to catch the sun setting. It meant that we'd arrive to our hotel very late, but we decided it was worth it.  We caught the sunset, which reminded me a lot of prairie sunsets in the winter, and then drove to our salt hotel under twinkling desert stars. 

Salt flat sunset featuring long shadows and our sweet ride

The second morning we woke from our cool salt bricked rooms and stumbled to our breakfast table so some much need instant coffee (I was really missing coffee by this point) before heading out to find flocks of flamingos and smouldering volcanoes.

 

This day was my favourite, with the smoking volcanoes, pink birds, and amazing rock formations.  We explored more fossilized algal blooms.  

Fields of fossilized algae

Fields of fossilized algae

 

After seeing the famous tree-rock, which is beautiful but smaller than expected, we found a spot in the rocks to have a picnic lunch which we shared with bunny-like creatures.  We watched as volcanoes smoked and vicugnas travelling in packs to their next destination. As we were driving through the mars-like landscape, we listened to David Bowie, of which Space Oddity was vastly appropriate.  

Tree-rock 

 

My stomach, still recovering from a) parasites and b) food poisoning was made upset over lunch. I tried to fight it off during the day, treking through the wind to see flamincos and to snap pictures of goofy llamas, but by the time I got back to the hotel I was sick out of my mind.

The goofiest creatures

Nauseated but really wanting to see more flamingos

While everyone celebrated day 2 with wine and food, I was stuck in the bathroom, of which there were only 2 stalls for about 25 people. Thank GOD I was the only one sick. My group took such good care of me, and the guide made me special tea for my stomach. I even cried a little bit because I was in the middle of nowhere in the high desert on Halloween night puking my face off, and I kind of wanted my ma. After i was done feeling sorry for myself, I fell asleep swaddled in all my winter clothing, since that night it dropped to -20*C.  Being from Saskatchewan, I have experienced plenty of temperatures lower than this. But, everyone else in my group was devastated by the fact parts of the world experienced these temperatures.

We left the hotel before the sun rose, again under twinkling desert skies. Our first stop were the geysers, which are not fun to smell after a night of being sick to your stomach. But WOW what an unbelievably cool place.  It's like a nature-made mountain bike park with pools of boiling mud on either side of the runs that would likely kill you if you fell in.  We checked out more volcanoes that released so many heavy metals into the nearby lakes that not even algae could live there, and therefore no flamingos.  We ended the day in natural hot springs, plunging ourselves in steaming water, and reminiscing about the past three days. 

The end of the third day came with lots of good bye hugs and e-mail exchanges.  Being sick with people that I met two days prior, and them taking such good care of me when I was all alone in the high desert, really reminds you that people are generally good.  That has been one thing that this trip revealed to me- that people are generally so kind.  This was one of the most awe-inspiring landscapes that I've ever seen, and I'm lucky to have explored it with such lovely people. 

 

The Mines of Potosi

October 28th-29th, 2015

I caught the bus at 9:30 this morning from Sucre to Potosi, one of the highest cities in the world at 4,090 m asl.  Potosi is a city famous for making its fortune off one of the biggest silver deposits ever discovered. The city is built around the skirts of Cerro Rico, the mountain that provided Spain its silver

The mines of Potosi have been open since the 1500s. The Quechua were mining the silver before the Spanish arrived, who renamed it Cerra Rico (rich mountain). Cerra Rico made Potosi one of the richest towns in South America, though when major production of silver stopped, the town (like many mining towns) struggled  greatly. 

 There are no geologists or engineers who work in the mines. The ore is being mined by artisanal miners, who have years of passed down knowledge about the geology (mostly N/S running veins, for example, with some crosscutting steeper veins which are harder to mine), mineralogy (ZnS, AgS, and some CuS) and engineering of the mines.

Big Deal  is the only company that has ex-miners run tours of the mines. In Potosi, mining is a good profession. If you find or hit a good vein, it can make a miner extremely wealthy. We met one miner who ‘struck silver’, and now makes 10,000 bolivianos/ month, and has a team of miners working for him. 

Before we started on the tour, we went to an old lady and bought the miners gifts of orange juice and coca leaves, which we were encouraged to chew before going into the mine to ward of thirst and to give us an energy boost. Coca leaves, to me, are similar to caffeine. 

The miners loosen the rock with dynamite. Dynamite is legal to buy at a corner store in Potosi from children, tourists, grandmas etc.  The miners of course use the dynamite to loosen the rock. Once its set off, they give it a day for the dust to settle and then come back and load it in old-school mining buckets set on train tracks to bring to the surface. 

The conditions in the mine are pretty dismal. There is dust everywhere which hurt my throat and eyes after the 3 hour tour. I was crawling on my hands and knees through the tunnels connecting the different levels. There is no air ventilation to the lower levels, so it makes the lower levels of the mine hot (surprisingly) and stale. 

When you enter the mine, it is splattered with lama blood.  The miners sacrifice lamas every year to Pacha Mama for safety and fertility (more ore). The main deity in the mines is Diablo, which isn’t the Catholic devil, but simply the god of the mines and minerals. There are a few paper machete figures of the diablo, with open hands full of coca leaves, a heart of silver, and a ridiculously large penis (which the tour guide, Pedro, referred to as the big situation). A lama fetus was lain at his feet, his open mouth was stuffed with cigarettes, and he was swimming in a pile of coca leaves which flowed from his open hands.  

This was one of my favourite experiences in Bolivia. It's awe inspiring to see how well the miners know the hills. It is heartbreaking to hear the stories of the lives mining has claimed. The differences between the mines of Potosi and the mines I've visited in Canada are vast. It is one of those experiences that makes you appreciate what you have while developing respect for people living in the current experience. 

Sucre Sugar Sugar

October 25th-27th, 2015

After a 12 hour bus ride from La Paz, I arrived in beautiful Sucre. Since I was kept awake on the night bus by 4 giggling chicas (damn it), I spent the day half awake wandering through the colonial city. The constitutional capital of Bolivia is much different than La Paz, the administrative capital.

Sucre is another UNESCO World Heritage Site. Walking through the city on my first day there, drunk with tiredness, I could understand why.  After eating lunch at Condor Cafe, I wandered around the city taking photos of the beautiful colonial buildings.  The churches, squares, and main market are all wonderful.  I had a smoothie from the women in the market every day, who always top you off when you finish. 

White washed buildings of Sucre, Bolivia

The hostel I stayed at was called The Beehive, and it was like staying at a friend's. There was an impromptu movie night and the hostel owner made crazy amounts of popcorn to accompany Django Unchained.  

The next day I went with my new friend Joan to rent some climbing gear to do some crag climbing in the hills surrounding the city. We were dropped off on the wrong side of the mountain, and hiked to the other side to find the routes. The first route was breezy; it felt good to be on a wall again.  We did a couple more climbs, until I slipped and caught my three fingers in-between two quick-draws. I swore like a sailor, but the only bad thing that happened was nerve damage and brusing. Luckily there happened to be 6 nursing students filming a movie for school on the mountain at the same time, and they had some pain killer salve and rubbed it over my fingers.  Joan cleaned the route solo, we had lunch, and then we walked back down the mountain all the way to the hostel.  My fingers were totally fine, and we had an epic meal of spaghetti  bolognese.  

Harnessed up for my climb

Coming down

Post Climb- taken by the nursing students.

Sucre was really beautiful and the hostel was a retreat, but because it was between my time in La Paz and Potosi, it was actually a bit boring (minus the day of climbing). The quiet, white washed university city is a great place to go for studying Spanish and recovering from crazy travel times. Since I wasn't in this headspace when I was there, I don't think I enjoyed it as much as most. I was more in the headspace to ride death road and explore artisanal mines. Either way, the people were sweet and it was good to rest up for everything that followed.

Mountain Biking down Death Road

Death Road (aka Yungas Road) was at one time the only road connecting Bolivia and Brazil.  It was dubbed the most dangerous road by the Inter-American Development Bank, as 200-300 people were estimated to die by falling off the mountain path, often in commuter buses. After 2006, a new road was built bypassing Yungas Road. The 'most dangerous road' is now mostly used for mountain biking and by a spattering of locals from farming communities. I, of course, had to experience this bike adventure first hand.  I did my ride with a company called Ride On Bolivia, which I highly recommend for their awesome guides and gear.

Starting at 4,650 m asl, you drop from a breathtakingly rugged alpine setting and  to the high  jungle.  Speeding along the initial part of the highway, you can see local transport buses tossing out 99% proof alcohol and coca leaves to Pachamama for safe pass on the highway. After about the paved highway,  you end up on the famous Death Road, which is a 5-10 m wide dirt path winding down a mountain, with some 600 m sheer drops off unguarded cliffs.

Mountain biking is pretty risky business. I have a lot of road biking experience (I love it so much), but mountain biking was new to me. Because there's lots of unexperienced mountain bikers, the ride often has some injuries, and most often not because of irresponsible companies. Our group had our share of injuries. We had one girl injure her ankle before the trip even started by tripping out of the bathroom. She was a trooper and did most of the ride anyways, despite her injury. Down the highway, we had one arm injury on a guy who was fixing his GoPro while riding (don't do that, obvs.).  Ahead of me, two guys wiped out because they took a corner too fast, and ended up with ripped up shirts and road rash on their shoulders and knees.  I went down paved portion of the ride really fast, but as soon as we got to the dirt road I turned into a chicken after almost flying over my handle bars.  I mean, I still had three weeks of my trip left with a giant backpack ; I couldn't very well carry it on crutches or with my arm in a sling.

OH MY GOD it was fun. The guides, being professional mountain bikers, were able to video tape me on the way down because I was going so heavy on my breaks, screaming with joy the entire time. Basically, I was ridiculous. I was the last one down by 20 minutes.  I can't wait to go mountain biking again. Even if you're not into mountain biking, the trip is worth it because the views are breathtaking. 

About 10 minutes after we packed up and were in the vans headed for supper, we were hit by heavy wind and rain. The timing was perfect.   Exhausted and hungry, we ate all the food and cheers-ed ourselves for  surviving death road.

La Paz

La Paz- you fascinate me. 

October 20th-24th, 2015

My two Canadian traveler friends (Nicole and Vivian) and I bussed from Copacabana to La Paz, taking ferries and winding mountain roads that rendered my friends carsick and, with the help of Gravol, asleep. The country between Copacabana and La Paz was desolate and worked by farmers. The buildings in the towns were only half built with rebar haphazardly reaching up, and empty window panes waiting for glass. The views were dusty and wanting, with ominous snow capped mountains encircling the upcoming La Paz. 

La Paz is the most angry and fascinating city that I've encountered. It is the highest capital city in the world at, at 3,600 m asl. The customs, culture, and mind boggling markets kept my attention for four days, where I was supposed to stay for only two.

I stayed in a party hostel, which was obviously a lot of fun and full of party-hostel style debauchery. The first night was full of drinking games and soaking up shiny travel vibes. The next day we did a walking tour (http://www.redcapwalkingtours.com). The tour began by San Pedro Prison, which has (in my ignorant opinion on such matters) amongst the most unique societal constructs . The inmates of the prison have to pay rent or buy accommodation, and are either business owners or employees in the jail, responsible for making their own way. They are even allowed to bring their families into the prison, as in there are husbands, wives, and children within the jailed community.  The non-prisoners (children, for example) are of course not required to stay in the prison.  One of the main sources of income of the jail is cocaine. The jail is apparently stocked with laboratories and trafficked outside, often through the use of dirty diapers, which are simply thrown over the walls of the prison.  They also make money off of brewing Coca-Cola. There are also lots of regular jobs that are needed in many societies, such as  hairdressing, shop keeping, messengers etc. Tours through the jail are now illegal because of past violent crimes, but apparently it is possible if you bribe the guards.  And don't worry guys, I didn't try to go on a jail tour.  Instead, I'm planning on reading the book titled Marching Powder, about a backpacking Australian journalist who lived within the prison documenting one of the inmates. When you can't do it, read about it. 

After the fascinating and frightening tales of San Pedro Prison, we were lead to the sprawling fruit and vegetable markets. We were warned against taking pictures of the Cholitas selling their goods without their permission, as they often opted to throw rotten vegetables and the perpetrators. And really, who could blame them? I wouldn't want a group of gringos coming through my market every day at 2:00 PM taking pictures of me. One of the Cholitas even said, in Spanish of course, "They come the same time every day", whilst rolling her eyes. 

Cholitas are indigenous women who are a driving force behind Bolivia's culture and economy. Once heavily discriminated against, they are now the pillars of La Paz. According to my tour guide, everyone has a Cholita in the markets that they go to for fruit, vegetables, and psychotherapy (basically).  You tell your Cholita everything, and remain faithful to the Cholita, who often tops you up with extra produce, as well as motherly advice about whatever issue you may be facing. Cholitas traditionally have skirts with petticoats, a shawl, two long braids down her back, and a magically balanced bowler's hat.   BBC wrote an interesting article about Cholitas, (http://www.bbc.com /news/magazine-26172313) describing their rise, and also their fashion influences.  

Among the sprawling markets in La Paz is the mercado de bruja, or the witches' market. The strangest thing about the witches' market is the lama fetuses lining the stalls. Lama fetuses are buried at the foundation of new buildings or businesses as an offering to pacha mama (mother earth). There are also a large amount of widely used love potions and aphrodisiacs, and folk medicines sold at these markets.  We were warned that if you take pictures of the witches without asking them first, that they might curse you. Nicole got yelled at  for lingering around in awe of the lama fetuses, but not cursed (thank goodness). Here is a good blog post with more info on the witches' market (http://www.sacred-destinations.com/bolivia/la-paz-witches-market).

Lama fetuses- used as sacrifices to Pachamama

The next day, I saw my first real soccer game. There was a big group of people that went from the hostel. I was mostly impressed because the players could run across an entire soccer field l at almost 4000 m asl. I couldn't walk up the hill without losing my breath.  The home team won 6:3. The game was actually beautiful, and full of stereotypical football drama, with exaggerated falling and passionate finger pointing. Alcohol is banned from the stadium, and half of the people who were with us snuck in bottles of wine and mickeys of whiskey.  Though they were drinking discretely, another spectator told on us, and the police quietly came and confiscated all of their wine. Everyone was looking at us saying "stupid gringos". I also had a delicious hamburger that made me so sick later that night that I thought I was dying. 

I drank my first good coffee that I had in a month and a half in Bolivia, since there isn't a coffee culture in many South American countries.  The owner was a Toronto/La Paz boy who is aiming to ignite a coffee culture in Bolivia, since the country really does have some of the best coffee in the world. The cafe is called Antigua Miami, equipped with a espresso machine that comes all the way from Canada.

Birthday celebrations with Vivian and Nicole at fancy restaurants, drinking coffee, wondering markets, riding gondolas, learning Bolivian politics; I loved this crazy city. 

 

 

Lago Titicaca & Copacabana

October 15th-17th, 2015

Richard and I climbed onto the night bus leaving from Cusco on October 14th, after an eventful day of wandering around the city.  Richard just came back from the jungle sporting jungle-themed jewelry, with tales of boredom and armed with a bow and arrow. The night bus from Cusco to Lake Titicaca was smooth sailing, with the exception of some older ladies talking up a storm at 3 am, preventing a then grumpy Richard from falling asleep (poor guy). Meanwhile, I was snuggled up against the window dreaming away. We had to transfer buses in Puno, so we had a quick coffee and tea and made it to the Bolivian Border. 

Richard, a Cholita, and Welcome to Bolivia sign

Richard, a Cholita, and Welcome to Bolivia sign

The border crossing was smooth, and we ended up in Copacabana in the early afternoon. Lago Tititcaca is known as the highest navigable lake in the world, nested in the Andes at 3,812 m asl.  Lago Titicaca is a Unesco World Heritage site, and is one of the world’s only known ‘ancient’ lakes being dated at around 1 million years old. It is known by the Incas as where civilization started, and is therefore a sacred place (whc.unesco.org).  The culture and food is noteworthy, with trout from the lake served at every restaurant and Cholitas with their colourful petticoats and precariously balanced top hats selling their wares along the beach.

Beers and beaches

Swan boats

Swan boats

The beach was a snapshot from a 1950s beach scene, with carnivalesque swan boats lining the shores waiting to be pedalled around the lake. Richard and I explored the waterfront, sampled the food they were selling (icecream and bread).  In the evening, we raced up Cerro Calvaio trying to beat the setting sun.  We were embarrassingly out of breath, overcome by the elevation. A local lady we crossed paths with on the way up the mountain even told me to relax a little because she was scared that I was going to have a heart attack. Luckily no heart attacks were had, and we made it up the mountain being outdone by the sun, but we were still treated to vivid blue scenes of twinkling lights.  We were among the very few left at the top, so we settled behind some closed stalls and shared a celebratory beer and enjoyed the views. 

Twinkling lights of Copacabana 

The next day we woke up early to catch the boat to bring us to Isla del Sol, the largest island in Lago Titicaca.  According to mythology, Isla Del Sol is where the Incan Sun God and first people emerged from. The air was thin and the sun was intense. We were dropped off at the north end of the island, and took long and winding path for 4 hours to the southern side. 

Isla del Sol

The geology was incredible, with uplifted sedimentary rocks and layers steeply dipping. It was a gorgeous hike on the quiet island, with lamas, fluffy donkeys, and sheep dotting the way. We met two lovely Canadian girls on the boat ride up, Vivian and Nicole, and hiked the island with them. By the end of the day, Richard was incredibly sunburned, and we were all tired and hungry and ready to go back to the mainland. 

Richard and I enjoying the views

The next day Richard and I rented a swan boat and explored the lake. It was totally worth doing, even though they were the most ridiculous boats I have ever seen.  We had one last dinner of trout, and we went to the street where I was going to catch my bus.  We gave each other a huge hug goodbye, and I left with the two Canadian girls to continue onto my Bolivian adventures, and Richard left to do a quick tour of Arequipa before going home to London. It’s always so sad to say goodbye to travel friends who live in other parts of the world, but I was so happy to be able to share my first memories of Bolivia with such an awesome guy. 

Me on the swan boat, paddling around like a fool.

Me on the swan boat, paddling around like a fool.